No. 1
The number on the label is not a measurement
The United States published a women’s sizing standard, PS 42-70, and then withdrew it in 1983. Nothing replaced it with any force of law. ASTM International took over the work, but ASTM standards are voluntary — a brand can label a garment a size 8 because, internally, it feels like an 8.
That is the entire system. It is why you own three swimsuits in three different numbers and all three fit, and why the fourth one, in your usual size, doesn’t.